Topography guiding the accelerated and persistently directional cell migration induced by vaccinia virus

The rapid transmission of vaccinia virus(VACV)in vivo is thought to be closely related to the cell migration induced by it.Cell migration involved in dynamic changes of cell-substrate adhesion and actin cytoskeleton organization,which can influence by the micro/nano-scale topographic structures that cells are naturally exposed to via contact guidance.However,migration behaviors of VACV-infected cells exposed to topographic cues are still unknown.Herein,we designed an open chip with microgrooved poly(dimethyl siloxane)(PDMS)substrate to explore the topography roles in VACV-induced cell migration.Differed from the random cell migration observed in traditional scratch assay on planar substrate,VACV-infected cells had a tendency to persistently migrate along the axis parallel to microgroove with increased velocity.Moreover,infected cells exhibited a dominant elongated protrusion aligned to the micro-grating axis compare to the shorter lamella extended in any direction on smooth substrate.Interestingly,the Golgi complex preferred to relocate behind the nucleus confined within the micro-grating axis in majority of infected migratory cells.The directional polarization of cells embodied in protrusion formation and Golgi reorientation was responsible for the directionally persistent migration behaviors induced by VACV on microgrooved substrate.Infected cells response to substrate topography,causing the actin-filled stretched protrusion containing numerous virions and accelerated movement is likely to facilitate direct and rapid spread of VACV.This work opens a window for us to understand the migration behaviors of infected cells in vivo,and also provides a cue for revealing the relationship between virus-induced cell migration and virus rapid spread.     

在线社交网络控制实验的现状与展望

在线社交网络已发展成为一个独特的电子生态系统，其应用深刻影响着人们生活的方方面面。由于在线社交网络特性复杂，分析在线社交网络形成和变化中的规律成为当前计算机科学、社会学和物理学的一项挑战。传统上，在线社交网络实证研究主要采用计算机辅助的被动数据获取和分析方式。近年来，在真实大规模在线社交网络上直接进行控制实验从而主动获取数据并开展分析研究的方式广受关注。评述了这一领域的研究进展，包括：社交网络控制实验的主要研究模式；控制实验方法在社交网络结构、信息传播、行为和心理学等领域取得的主要成果以及主要实验工具的适用条件和局限性。最后，展望了人工智能技术在社交网络控制实验中的应用潜力，分析了智能算法对降低实验成本和提高实验效率的作用。     

Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects

The multicaloric effect refers to the thermal response of a solid material driven by simultaneous or sequential application of more than one type of external field.For practical applications,the multicaloric effect is a potentially interesting strategy to improve the efficiency of refrigeration devices.Here,the state of the art in multi-field driven multicaloric effect is reviewed.The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect are well established.A number of theoretical and experimental research approaches are covered.At present,the theoretical understanding of the multicaloric effect is thorough.However,due to the limitation of the current experimental technology,the experimental approach is still in progress.All these researches indicated that the thermal response and effective reversibility of multiferroic materials can be improved through multicaloric cycles to overcome the inherent limitations of the physical mechanisms behind single-field-induced caloric effects.Finally,the viewpoint of further developments is presented.     

基于CARS技术的超燃冲压发动机点火过程温度测量

相干anti-Stokes Raman散射（coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering，CARS）技术作为一种非接触测量手段，已广泛应用于多种发动机模型燃烧室温度测量及地面试验.然而，目前的工作主要集中在稳态燃烧场温度的测量，缺乏用高分辨率的单脉冲来测量瞬变的燃烧火焰温度及组分浓度的研究.基于CARS理论，结合多参数拟合算法，开发了基于MATLAB的CARS光谱计算和拟合程序CARSCF；利用McKenna平面火焰炉在不同工况下进行了温度测量，并与DLR测量结果进行对比，结果显示开发的CARSCF具有较高的测量重复性和准确性；最后将CARS技术应用于测量超燃冲压发动机点火过程中的温度测量，获取了点火过程中的温度.结果显示，在来流Mach数为3的条件下，H₂/air点火过程中温度呈现急剧上升然后缓慢下降，而CARS信号则呈现急剧上升然后急剧下降随后又缓慢上升的趋势，并且在点火过程中最高温度为1 511 K.      

Melatonin stimulates aromatase expression and estradiol production in human granulosa-lutein cells: relevance for high serum estradiol levels in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most life-threatening and potentially fatal complications associated with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Although the pathogenesis of OHSS remains unclear, elevated serum estradiol (E2) levels before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration are associated with the risk of OHSS. The pineal hormone melatonin and its receptors are expressed in human granulosa cells and have been shown to stimulate E2 production. However, the effect of melatonin on the expression of aromatase, an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of E2, in human granulosa cells remains to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin upregulates aromatase expression in primary cultured human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells through the melatonin receptor-mediated PKA-CREB pathway. Using a mouse model of OHSS, we demonstrate that administration of the melatonin receptor inhibitor luzindole inhibits the development of OHSS. In addition, the expression of ovarian aromatase and serum E2 levels are upregulated in OHSS mice compared to control mice, but this upregulation is attenuated by inhibition of the function of melatonin. Moreover, clinical results reveal that aromatase expression levels are upregulated in hGL cells from OHSS patients. Melatonin and E2 levels in the follicular fluid are significantly higher in OHSS patients than in non-OHSS patients. Furthermore, melatonin levels are positively correlated with E2 levels in follicular fluid. This study helps to elucidate the mechanisms mediating the expression of aromatase in hGL cells and provides a potential mechanism explaining the high E2 levels in patients with OHSS.Subject terms: Endocrine reproductive disorders, Endocrine reproductive disorders     

Boron(iii) β-diketonate-based small molecules for functional non-fullerene polymer solar cells and organic resistive memory devices

A class of acceptor–donor–acceptor chromophoric small-molecule non-fullerene acceptors, 1–4, with difluoroboron(iii) β-diketonate (BF₂bdk) as the electron-accepting moiety has been developed. Through the variation of the central donor unit and the modification on the peripheral substituents of the terminal BF₂bdk acceptor unit, their photophysical and electrochemical properties have been systematically studied. Taking advantage of their low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels (from −3.65 to −3.72 eV) and relatively high electron mobility (7.49 × 10⁻⁴ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), these BF₂bdk-based compounds have been employed as non-fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells with maximum power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.31%. Moreover, bistable resistive memory characteristics with charge-trapping mechanisms have been demonstrated in these BF₂bdk-based compounds. This work not only demonstrates for the first time the use of a boron(iii) β-diketonate unit in constructing non-fullerene acceptors, but also provides more insights into designing organic materials with multi-functional properties.

Boron(iii) β-diketonates have been demonstrated to serve as multi-functional materials in NFA-based OPVs and organic resistive memories.     

Reduction in the $$\mathbf {(4+1)}$$(4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation and their solutions

Nonlinear Dynamics - An integrable extension of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) and Davey–Stewartson (DS) equations is investigated in this paper. We will refer to this integrable...     

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Polyprenol in Nitrogen Atmosphere

The nonisothermal decomposition kinetics of Ginkgo biloba leaves polyprenol (GBP) and cleaved situation of its chemical bond during thermal decomposition process were first investigated using thermogravimetric (TG) and TG‐FTIR technology. The results of thermal decomposition kinetics revealed that the nonisothermal decomposition mechanism of GBP corresponds to first‐order chemical reaction with n = 1, integral form g(a) = –ln(1 – a) and differential form f(a) = 1 – a. TG‐FTIR results demonstrated that absorbance of –CH₃, unsaturated C–H bond, =CH₂, accumulated C=C, –OH, and so on constantly increased with thermal decomposition reaction went on. In addition, storage life of GBP was also evaluated. These data could provide theoretical guidance for purification under high temperature and other thermal application of GBP.     

Domino Radical Addition/Oxidation Sequence with Photocatalysis: One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans from α‐Chloro‐Alkyl Ketones and Styrenes

A new domino reaction has been developed that allows the combination of styrenes and α‐alkyl ketone radicals to afford a wide array of polysubstituted furans in good to excellent yields under mild and simple reaction conditions. The key to success of this novel protocol is the use of photocatalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)₃ and oxidant K₂S₂O₈. Mechanistic studies by a radical scavenger and photoluminescence quenching suggest that a radical addition/oxidation pathway is operable.     

A New Method of Testing and Evaluating the Quality of Refined Montan Wax: Digital Color and GC Fingerprint

To establish a new method of testing and evaluating the quality of refined montan wax (RMW), digital color and GC fingerprint technology were introduced and applied. CIE Lab color mode was used to digitize the exterior colors of RMW, and the score obtained through a fitting function was also used to reflect its quality. It is shown that they were in complete accord with the human visual perception trend. The GC fingerprint was used to characterize the internal chemical information of RMW, and the composition of its internal features was reflected through the relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) values. It is shown that there was a high degree of similarity between the fingerprints, while certain differences also existed. This can be used to implement effective application of RMW to aspects such as quality control, adulteration identification, and origin attributions.